New Year’s Eve Oysters: 52 Ancestors 2022 Prompt “Tranditions”

 

Grandma’s New Year’s Eve Prescription: Oyster Stew

Nora Elsie Hoffman Macbeth: 1899-1994

 

For my Grandma Nora, the New Year couldn’t start properly without a good helping of oyster stew the night before. My mom picked up the tradition, and every year we’d be shopping for canned oysters at the rural Minnesota supermarkets near our home. Amazingly, they were always available, so I suspect that this tradition was fairly common in the area.

Grandma Nora as a young woman

My Grandma Nora’s parents were both of German descent. I believe she acquired the recipe and the tradition from one of them. According to my Google research, oyster stew was only a holiday tradition in the northern areas of Germany, possibly due to the closer proximity to the sea. Lena Funk’s father emigrated from northern Germany, so perhaps the oyster stew was a little piece of the Old Country he brought with him.

Apparently more people serve oyster stew on Christmas Eve rather than New Year’s Eve. However, the tradition makes more sense to me as a propitious way to begin a new year since the oysters are believed to promote libido and fertility. It’s very similar to the southern tradition of eating black-eyed peas for the same reason.

I’m not sure if my grandmother was trying to promote healthy libidos or not. I know that she was rather superstitious, and claimed that consuming oyster stew on New Year’s Eve brought good fortune in the coming year.

Another genealogist who had the same New Year’s Eve tradition found an authentic German recipe for the stew or soup that sounds close to the one my grandmother and mother used (I used Google Translate to convert it into English):

Austernsuppe  (Oyster Soup)

Portionen: 4

Oyster soup ingredients

24 oysters (with juice)

40 grams of butter

3/4 cup(s) whole milk (hot)

Sweet paprika

Salt

Pepper

For oyster soup, cook the shelled oysters in the hot butter with the oyster juice.

As soon as the oyster crusts begin to curl, add hot milk, season with salt and pepper and heat through.

Serve the oyster soup in soup bowls sprinkled with sweet paprika.

 

My grandmother used more milk than this, and less butter. Fresh oysters were hard to find in Minnesota at the best of times, and in winter during the 1970s was nearly impossible. We used canned oysters. I recall that she added carrots and onions, and occasionally potatoes. Here is a recipe that is more similar to hers:

New Year’s Oyster Stew

4 servings

1/2 cup water

1/2 cup minced onion

1/4 cup diced celery

1/4 cup diced carrot

1/2 teaspoon mild paprika

1/8 to 1/4 teaspoon cayenne

1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon salt

1/8 teaspoon black pepper

8 ounces bottled fresh oysters with liqueur

4 cups nonfat milk

1/2 cup nonfat dry milk powder

1 cup half-and-half

Combine water, onion, celery, carrot, paprika, cayenne, salt and pepper in a small pot. Cover and simmer over low heat until vegetables are tender. If necessary, add more water. Strain oysters and pour the liqueur into the pot with the vegetables. Chop oysters into 1/2-inch pieces and set aside.

In another pot, stir together the liquid milk, dry milk and half-and-half. Heat at medium-low temperature until warm. Stir in the vegetable mixture and increase the temperature slightly. Cook 1 minute and add the oysters. Heat at medium heat until hot. Serve immediately.

 

My family’s soup was served with saltines, or even more appropriately, oyster crackers. I remember how my brother and I loved the oyster crackers. It was a fairly bland dish, which was probably why I enjoyed it as a child.

Sadly, I didn’t carry on this tradition. I only made the soup once or twice when my own children were young. I’m not the biggest fan of canned oysters, and my children weren’t impressed. Perhaps I should try again with fresh oysters.

 

Sources:

Recipe courtesy of https://www.ichkoche.at/austernsuppe-rezept-179466

https://www.dglobe.com/news/celebrating-christmas-german-style

https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-lz1f31history182839-oyster-stew-holiday-tradition--2008dec31-story.html#:

 

New Parents, New Siblings for Charles Macbeth: 52 Ancestors 2022 Prompt “New Horizons”

Parentage Correction Opens New Horizons in Macbeth Family Research

Charles Macbeth: 1828-1913 (Maternal Second Great-Grandfather)
Colin Macbeth: 1834-1883 (Maternal Second-Great-Granduncle)
Charles Macbeth: 1801-? (Maternal 3^rd Great-Grandfather)
Ann Williamson Macbeth: 1807-1838 (Maternal Third Great-Grandmother)

 

I was always puzzled by the few measly records I’d found for my second-great-grandfather Charles Macbeth. Other Ancestry and Family Search trees listed him without siblings, and said his parents’ names were John and Mathilda. However, the records for John and Mathilda didn’t seem to match up with Charles’ birthdate as listed on his American records. Also, John and Mathilda lived in Scotland, while Charles often stated on census records that he was born in England--only his parents were born in Scotland.

And then there was that pesky second family of Macbeths in the same small city in Minnesota as Charles—a family that used many of the same first names for their children as Charles and his wife chose. This Mankato family was headed by a man named Colin who was just a few years younger than Charles. Was it possible that they were related somehow? Could Charles have had a sibling?

I vaguely remembered finding an obituary notice for Charles that provided background on his parents—but I had failed to attach it to Charles in Ancestry (I found it a few years back, before I really understood how to save news articles from Newspapers.com to Ancestry). I remembered asking my mother about certain details in the article, asking if her father or grandparents ever talked about them. Obviously, I needed to relocate that article. It was time to solve the parentage puzzle once and for all.

I finally tracked down the mystery article. It wasn’t Charles Macbeth’s obituary, which was rather boring and lacking in detail. The juicy information was contained in a Fort Wayne Weekly Sentinel article about Charles Macbeth’s funeral in Tivoli, Minnesota-- he had died at the Fort Wayne home of his son, Dr. Albert Macbeth, but was buried back at his home in Blue Earth County. Paragraph two stated,

“The senior Macbeth was born in Scotland, November 27, 1827, and the first eleven years of his life were spent in the gardens of the king at Bradford, his father having been selected as chief gardener of one of the estates.”

Here was information that totally contradicted the data for John and Mathilda Macbeth. Bradford, I learned, was in Yorkshire, England, not Scotland. A quick search on Ancestry pulled up the 1841 England census entry for Charles Macbeth in Bradford, Yorkshire. He was 13 years old, living with his father, 40-year-old Charles Macbeth (referred to from now on as Charles Sr. for clarity), a gardener. He was also living with four siblings, 10-year-old Ann, 8 year-old Barbara, 6 year old Colin, and 4-year-old James. Suddenly a whole new horizon of research had opened up before me!

1841 England Census--Charles Sr. on previous page

There are some problems with the information. I have been unable to find any property in the Bradford area that was ever owned by the King of England. There were a couple large estates owned by members of the nobility. I surmise Charles Sr. worked at one of those properties.

The news article provided more important hints for me to verify. It stated:

“In 1837 Mr. Macbeth landed in New York with part of his family, his mother having died when he was eleven years old, and he was married in 1852.”

This explained why Charles’ mother was not listed on the 1841 census form—she had already died. I returned to Ancestry to verify this information, and quickly found her death recorded in the parish records of the Bradford Cathedral. It stated that 31-year-old Ann Macbeth was buried May 23, 1838. I had also found the baptism records for all five Macbeth children in this church’s records, including Charles birth record which matched information he’d provided on forms in the United States. This was the correct Ann Macbeth.

Bradford Parish Church 1800s

I was also able to discover Ann and Charles Sr. Macbeth’s marriage record. They were married in a Yorkshire parish not far from Bradford called Welton-with-Melton on March 23, 1823. I calculate that she was 16 or 17 at the time of the marriage if she was 31 at her death. Charles Sr. was 22. It appears that Ann was English, while Charles Sr. was from Scotland.

The article also stated that Charles and part of his family had immigrated to New York in 1837. Obviously that date was incorrect, as they were still in Bradford in 1841 during the census. I believe the date was a typo—the true immigration date may have been 1847. One of two other obituaries said 1848. However, on the US census in 1900, Charles states that he arrived in 1850. I hypothesize that he arrived late in the 1840s. After all, Charles was in New York in time for the 1850 census. He was living in Black Rock, a neighborhood in Buffalo, New York, with the family of a grocer named James Shackleton. Charles’ occupation is not listed. Was he working for Mr. Shackleton?

And what about his siblings and father? According to the article, some of them had immigrated with Charles. While I found no records for Charles’ father or his sister Barbara Macbeth, I found the remainder of Charles’ siblings, all in the Buffalo area.

Nineteen-year-old sister Ann was living in Buffalo’s third ward as a boarder in the home of the William Glenny family on the 1850 census. The household also included four additional boarders, a teen girl and three men, including a doctor. Neither young female boarder had an occupation listed.  Perhaps Ann was working as a servant, helping Mrs. Glenny manage the household. I have found no further records for Ann in the United States.

Ann Macbeth on 1850 census in Buffalo NY

The youngest sibling, James, does not appear on the 1850 census, but he is on the 1855 New York State census, living in the household of “lake captain” William Dickson. James was 19 and working as a servant. While the census taker wrote that he was born in Erie County, this James Macbeth later enlisted in the military, with far more accurate information. The 1858 enlistment form stated that James was 21 years old, born in Yorkshire, England, worked as a gardener, and was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had grey eyes, dark hair, and a “swarthy” complexion. James appears to have followed his father into gardening as a career. Sadly, James disappears from records after enlisting—his enlistment term was five years. I may have found him on the 1860 census serving in the army in San Miguel, New Mexico Territory. A private named James Macbeth is listed. He was born in England, but the age listed appears to be “20” when he would have been 23, so this may not be him.

James Macbeth Army Enlistment--1858

The final brother, Colin, appeared on the 1855 New York census living in the household of Anna, Isaac and Abner Bryant, who seem to have run a plant nursery business. Colin was 19, was listed as having been born in Scotland, and was working as a gardener—probably for the Bryants’ nursery business. I cannot find him on the 1860 census, but by 1864 he was living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He appears in a city directory and registers for the Civil War draft that year. He was 28, and may have been working as a teamster if the transcription of very murky handwriting on the form is correct.

The 1870 census finds Colin Macbeth living in Mankato, just a few miles from his brother Charles. Colin is married to wife Ellen and they have three children. The oldest, also named Charles, was 7 in 1870 and according to the census he was born in Minnesota. Therefore, Colin and his wife must have arrived in the state before 1863. Colin was working as a “cattle driver”. Later censuses stated he was a “cattle trader” or “stock trader”. He remained in Mankato for the rest of his life, and he and Ellen had a total of six children. Colin died in 1883.

One of Charles’ obituaries said that he married Nancy Ann Herniman in 1852 and moved to Tivoli, Minnesota around 1866, traveling part way by train and the last section by an ox-drawn covered wagon. This would mean he arrived in Minnesota a few years after Colin.

My experience researching Charles Macbeth’s parentage shows how a single newspaper article can open entire new horizons of research. I now know that the other Macbeths in Mankato, Minnesota were related to my second-great-grandfather, and I have six new cousins—Colin Macbeth’s children—to research. In addition, I still need to keep searching for records that will shine a light on the fates of Charles and Colin’s three siblings. An exciting vista awaits.

 

 

Sources:

“Aged Man Passes Away: Father of Prominent Local Physician Is Dead.” Fort Wayne Daily News, Fort Wayne, Indiana · Saturday, May 31, 1913 https://www.newspapers.com/image/28992752/?article=ee6bd44e-e9ce-405b-b0f6-4f9fef0bcaa3&focus=0.694421,0.4413672,0.82448727,0.69023705&xid=3355&_gl=1*5z945k*_ga*MTQ5MDkwODUzMi4xNjI2MjI0NDE0*_ga_4QT8FMEX30*MTY2NjE5NTUwMS4yNzUuMS4xNjY2MjEzNjY0LjE1LjAuMA.

Fort Wayne Weekly Sentinel

“Family Met at Childhood Home: Buried the Father.” Fort Wayne Weekly Sentinel. Fort Wayne, Indiana. Monday, June 09, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/image/7237887/?terms=charles%20macbeth&match=1

Ancestry.com. West Yorkshire, England, Church of England Deaths and Burials, 1813-1985 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Original data:Yorkshire Parish Records. Leeds, England: West Yorkshire Archive Service. New Reference Number: BDP14. Ann Williamson Macbeth Death Record from Bradford St. Peter Cathedral records, 1838.

Ancestry.com. U.S., Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data:View Sources. James Macbeth 1858 army enlistment.

Doctrinal Disagreement or Mental Illness? The Strange Case of Theophilus Eaton’s Second Wife Anne 52 Ancestors 2022 Prompt “Perseverence”

The Excommunication of Gov. Eaton’s Wife in the New Haven Colony

Theophilus Eaton: 1591-1657 (Maternal Tenth-Great-Grandfather)
Anne Yale Eaton: 1595-1659 (Wife of Maternal Tenth-Great-Grandfather—not my ancestor)
Mary Eaton Hill: 1625-1708 (Maternal Ninth-Great-Grandmother)

 

One of my maternal tenth-great-grandfathers, Theophilus Eaton, was a fairly important man in colonial America. He was one of the Puritan founders of the city of New Haven, Connecticut, and served as the first Governor of the New Haven Colony from 1639 until his death in 1657. Since he was a significant figure in Connecticut history, records relating to his life and the life of his second wife, Ann Lloyd Eaton, have been preserved. Among those records were the transcripts of Anne Lloyd Eaton’s church trial for disagreeing with articles of church faith, and for general bad behavior. It is hard to imagine that such a well-respected man would have had such a wild, scandalous home life!

Statue of Gov. Theophilus Eaton in Connecticut

Anne Lloyd was the widow of Thomas Yale and the mother of Yale’s four children when she married Theophilus Eaton in 1626. (Yes, that Yale. Thomas and Anne Yale were the grandparents of Elihu Yale, founder of Yale University.) Eaton was a widower with four children of his own, including my ancestor and ninth-great-grandmother Mary Eaton, born in 1625. Following their marriage, Theophilus and Ann had at least three children of their own, Hannah, Elizabeth (died in early childhood) and Theophilus.

In 1637, Theophilus Eaton chose to accompany his childhood friend, Puritan minister John Davenport, to colonial America aboard the ship Hector. He brought most of his family with him, including his elderly mother and his stepchildren. After spending nine months in the Boston and Salem area, the Davenport group decided to found their own colony. They moved to lands inhabited by the Quinnipiac tribe in what is now Connecticut, and spent fourteen months building the original New Haven Colony settlement. Eaton helped to negotiate a deal with the Native Americans to acquire their land and helped to draw up a contract that spelled out the community’s governance, and was soon elected the colony’s governor.

The homes erected in New Haven were far larger and more luxurious than most 1630s and 1640s colonial homes. The Eaton home was the largest of them all, with two sources claiming it had 27 rooms and 19 fireplaces. The household comprised nearly thirty people, with servants and wards in addition to the family. The house was built in the shape of an “E”, and was furnished with Turkey carpets, tapestries, and fine furnishings.

Sketch of Gov. Eaton's large home in New Haven

According to the inventory taken at Eaton’s death in 1657, the rooms of the house included the “”greene chamber…blew chamber..” the hall, parlor, Mrs. Eaton’s room, a chamber over the kitchen, the kitchen, the “other chamber”, the garret, the counting house and the brew house.

So while Anne Yale Eaton had to leave the comforts of life in England behind for the uncertainties and challenges of colonial life, she was living in far better conditions than other colonial women, and she had servants to help her with the unending work of managing a large household. Still, the pressures were enormous, and her relationship with her husband seems to have frayed.

Anne was well-educated for her time, and was able to read. Influenced by a book advocating adult baptism (Anabaptist belief) rather than the Puritan practice of infant baptism, she began talking about her beliefs to others, attracting the attention of Rev. Davenport. He responded by preaching a sermon refuting her beliefs. She was heard muttering “It is not so” as he spoke. She began walking out of church services whenever there was a baptism or when the Eucharist was offered. This infuriated Davenport and scandalized the colony.

Probably due to Gov. Eaton’s position in the colony, the church first chose to censure Anne, and gave her several months to repent her doctrinal errors. Church elders were sent to meet with her, to read the book she was influenced by, and refute its claims. She stubbornly refused to change her mind. Imagine her personal strength—men were visiting to harangue her, nearly the entire community was shunning her, her mother-in-law loathed her, and probably her husband was also angry with her. Yet she persevered and held her ground.

By June 14, 1644, the church elders decided to put her on trial, so to speak. Rev. Davenport reported on her original doctrinal sin, stating that

“…she neither asked her husband at home according to the rule 1 Cor. xiv, 35 (whose faithfulness and sufficiency to have held forth 'light to her according to God, we all know) nor did she seek for any light or help from her pastor according to the rule. Mala, ii, 7, though in other cases she has come freely to him, and departed from him not without fruit; nor did she seek help from the body whereof she is a member, nor from any Member of this body, save that she showed her book with the charge of secrecy to one or two whom she hoped to gain to her party, and so to have made way for a further spread of her infection in the body.”

This passage shows the anger and disgust of the church leaders, who saw her questioning of church doctrine as an “infection”. It also shows the powerlessness of women in Puritan society, who were ordered by the Bible to submit to their husbands and ministers and were to have no independence or free will.

When he brought Mrs. Eaton’s case before the church for “trial”, Davenport went far beyond his original complaint. He collected gossip and malicious stories about Mrs. Eaton, and fashioned it into a list of supposed crimes she had committed, linking each to one of the Ten Commandments which she was violating. He read those out to the assembled congregation. Among the crimes were the following:

1.      She struck her mother-in-law in the face during dinner, and Mr. Eaton had to restrain her.

2.      She accused her step-daughter (my direct ancestor) Mary Eaton of knitting two gloves and hiding one, and then struck Mary when she said she’d knit only one.

3.      She accused poor Mary of possibly being pregnant:

“saying her belly was great and her breasts big almost to meet, and she looked blue under the eyes, and that she vomited, and that she looked very ill, and she feard her sickness would prove an ill sickness.” She went on to say that Mary’s “carriage was wanton” (her way of walking and moving looked slutty).

4.      She said Mary Eaton was “the cause of the ruin of the souls of many that came into the house”.

5.      She spilled milk while heating it, and blamed Mary Eaton for the spill.

6.      She claimed Mary Eaton “wrought with the devil.”

7.      She got upset with the servant girl/ward Mary Launce and pinched and hit her in the face.

8.      She demanded to know when Mary Launce was leaving the household, then denied knowing she was going to leave her employ.

9.      Anne Eaton’s mother-in-law had moved out (to get away from her vicious daughter in law?) and Mary Launce went to work for her, throwing Mrs. Eaton into a rage.

10.  The mother-in-law, trying to keep the peace, sent Mary Launce over to help Mrs. Eaton several times, but Mrs. Eaton turned her away, and then lied to her husband that the girl had never offered her help.

11.  She accused a black servant of bewitching the beer she was brewing.

12.  She accused another maid, Mary Breck, of lying, stealing, whoring and working with the devil.

13.  She told her maids God would “send their souls to hell”.

14.  She used “unpeaceable” words (swearing?) against the servants.

15.  She muttered “it is not so” in response to Rev. Davenport’s sermon.

16.  She argued with her husband in front of guests regarding whether he had given her candles or not.

17.  When she got angry with a male servant and her husband took the man’s side, she told Mr. Eaton “you and this man may go together” and she spoke of her desire “of getting from her husband.” This, Davenport complained, “is against the Covenant of Marriage.”

Map of New Haven Colony with Eaton Home lot in lower right

In addition to this lengthy litany, the congregation heard testimony from other members of the household, who said that Mrs. Eaton frequently lied and was verbally abusive to the servants. The servants said they tried to please her but couldn’t. Poor Mary Eaton also professed that “it was the desire of her heart to give her Mother content and not willingly provoke her.”

Finally, a Brother Bradley, another employee, testified that “he never knew any cause given by the maids to provoke Mrs. Eaton, but they had great provocations from her, for they could do almost nothing to give her content, which did discourage them, and many times made them careless. He further saith he hath observed Mrs. Eaton's way to be very unquiet, unstable and self willed, and more of late than formerly.”

The result of this extraordinary “trial” was a unanimous male vote (women could not vote) to “admonish” her. When she failed to repent after the admonishment, they charged her again with lying, and eventually excommunicated her.

What can we gather about the Eaton household and about Anne Yale Eaton’s state of mind?

First, this was a blended family that just hadn’t blended well. Anne’s children from her first marriage had left the home as quickly as possible. Anne Eaton obviously loathed her mother-in-law, even charging her husband with “breach of promise, in bringing his Mother into the house against her will”.

She hated her step-daughter, my ninth-great-grandmother Mary Eaton, taking every opportunity to belittle her, criticize her, and accuse her of loose morals.

Possible portrait of Mary Eaton

Lastly, she wasn’t getting along with her husband, Gov. Eaton, even publically expressing her desire to be rid of him. In addition, other New Haven Colony records show that there was a lot of gossip about Mrs. Eaton. One couple was hauled into court for false witness for having been caught saying “Mrs. Eaton would not lye with her husband since she was admonished, but caused her bed to be removed to another roome…they lay apart…” So it was apparently common knowledge that Anne Eaton was refusing to have sex with her husband, bitter because he had failed to support her when she was admonished.

Researchers and genealogists who have read the trial transcript were quick to label Anne Yale Eaton as mentally ill—suggesting that she had a nervous breakdown. I can understand why they would jump to this conclusion, but I think it is equally likely that she was just angry, miserable and fed up with having no control over her own life and being under the community’s microscope every single minute. She was a strong woman with a mind of her own, and that didn’t fit into the rigid sexual roles of a Puritan colony.

I have to admire her for persevering in her Anabaptist beliefs. She never wavered, even with the community and her family pressing her to recant.

Following Gov. Eaton’s death in 1657, Anne Eaton and her daughter Hannah returned to England, following her son Theophilus who had returned there earlier. Some of the records indicate that New Haven’s residents paid for a man to escort her to a ship bound for England—it sounds as if the colony was eager to be rid of her.

Sadly Anne Eaton had little time to enjoy the more civilized society of England and her greater freedom as a widow. She died in 1659, just two years after her husband Theophilus.

 

Unrelated Note: Ann may have been Theophilus’ third wife. The records for Theophilus’ previous wife, Grace Hiller, are very murky. Supposedly they married in 1622, but their three oldest children seem to have been born in 1614, 1615, and 1619, several years before the wedding. Only their last child, my ninth-great-grandmother Mary Eaton, was born during their marriage, in 1625. According to most researchers, Grace Hiller died in February 1625, the same year daughter Mary was born, so perhaps Grace died in childbirth. As for the discrepancy in marriage dates, I suspect she was actually Theophilus’ second wife, and the first three children were born to his first union, but I have found no records that support my hypothesis. The other possibility is that the marriage date is off by a decade, and they were married in 1612 when Grace was 19. The third possibility is that the three oldest children were from a different Eaton family. Some sources do not include those three children as part of Theophilus Eaton’s progeny.

Sources:

Trial Transcript: https://archive.org/stream/papersnewhavenc03socigoog/papersnewhavenc03socigoog_djvu.txt

Gossip about Eaton Marriage:

https://archive.org/details/recordsofcolonyp00newh/page/270/mode/2up

History, genealogical and biographical, of the Eaton families  1911 Authors: Molyneux, Nellie Zada Rice Subjects: Eaton, Francis, d. 1633 Eaton, John, d. 1658 Eaton, William, d. 1673 Eaton, John, d. 1668 Eaton familyPublisher: New York : C. W. BardeenContributing Library: Boston Public Library Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

http://collections.newhavenmuseum.org/mDetail.aspx?rID=1971.222&db=objects&dir=NEWHAVE

Honorable Soldier or Deserter? 52 Ancestors 2022 Prompt “Shadows”

The Shadow of Dishonor: A Blot on Captain Jerome Dane’s Service Record

Jerome Dane: 1828-1908 (Maternal Second Great-Grandfather)

 

Jerome Dane had a long military career, serving in the war against the Sioux tribes in Minnesota, and then leading an Infantry regiment as a Captain in the Civil War. However, his first military experience came as a raw recruit in the Mexican American War in the 1840s. I had very little data on this first period of service—only Jerome’s claims in newspaper interviews and in biographies in various Minnesota history books. So when I read a brief article in my genealogy group’s newsletter about a new website established by the National Park Service listing all the men who served in the Mexican-American War, I was excited. I could finally verify that Jerome Dane served in the Mexican War.

Captain Jerome Dane

I quickly found Jerome Dane’s record on the US Mexican War Soldiers & Sailors Database. While his listing verified his service, it also stated that he had not been discharged---he had deserted. I was stunned. This didn’t seem to match what I knew about Jerome. He seemed proud of his military record. And why would the army have allowed him to enlist again in the 1860s if he had a record as a deserter? He not only served again in the Infantry, he was made an officer, mustering as a second lieutenant in 1862 and getting promoted to captain before 1865. I needed more information.

Jerome Dane was born March 3, 1828 in Morganville, Genesee County, New York to parents David Dane and Sally Randall. According to a brief biography in Neill’s History of the Minnesota Valley, “At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the Mexican War; served three years.” 

This matches the record on the National Park Service website, which lists his enlistment date as December 25, 1845—quite a Christmas gift! He would have been 17 on that date, but the enlistment form, seen below, states that he was 21 years old. Did he lie or did the enlistment officer change his age on the forms because he was too young to serve?  

The record provides some fascinating details about Jerome. He was 5 feet 9 inches tall, had a fair complexion, blue eyes and brown hair. He was working as a cooper—a maker of barrels—at the time of his army enlistment.

Jerome enlisted in Buffalo, New York, nearly fifty miles from his home. I wonder what led him to travel so far for such a purpose. A Lt. Canby signed him up, and assigned him to the Infantry’s 2^nd Regiment, Company E. According to the New York State Military Museum, the 2^nd regiment of New York State Volunteers was under the command of West Point grad Ward Burnett. According to a Wikipedia entry on the regiment,

“When war broke out with Mexico in 1846, the 2nd Infantry Regiment was sent to Camargo, Mexico and joined General David E. Twiggs' Brigade. From September 1846 to December 1847 the regiment campaigned from the Rio Grande to Mexico City, fighting in battles at Veracruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, Moline del Rey and Chapultepec.”

The New York State Military Museum provided further detail:

The Second Regiment New York Volunteers “joined General Winfield Scott’s invasion force and landed at Vera Cruz in March 1847 and participated in the siege of that city.  The 2nd Regiment moved westward with Scott’s army, fighting in the Battle of Cerro Gordo, where it was in the vanguard in pursuing and capturing Mexican General Santa Anna, and the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco which resulted in the fall of Mexico City.

Second Regiment--Infantry Coat of Arms

Obviously Jerome saw considerable action in Mexico. How did it affect him? I also wonder how he reacted to the southern climate and Spanish-speaking population. It must have been a total culture shock for a teen from upstate New York. He probably suffered in the heat. According to the Military Museum article, the regiment began with 1000 soldiers, and suffered 400 casualties, with 199 men dying of wounds and disease.

Mexican American War illustration, courtesy Library of Congress

The Mexican war ended February 2, 1848. The New York Volunteers had been told their service would be for the “duration” of the war, although Jerome’s enlistment record shows he signed up for a five-year term of duty. According to records, “The rate of desertion during this war was 8.3%. Some deserted to avoid the horrendous conditions of the camps.” I doubt Jerome deserted due to camp conditions, as he remained with his unit for over six months following the end of the war. His desertion date is listed as August 18, 1848.

So what might have prompted him to desert his unit in August? I have a hypothesis. According to the Wikipedia article on the Second Regiment,

“In September 1848 because of conflicts with the Indians in Oregon and California the regiment was sent west. The regiment sailed via Rio de Janeiro, Cape Horn and Santiago, Chile, to California. Between 1849 and 1853 the regiment was in California occupying stations from Goose Lake on the north to Fort Yuma on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east, scouting, providing protection for the '49ers and fighting throughout the entire area. The regiment returned to New York in 1853.”

Imagine being a young 20 year old who has spent three long years at war, far from his home, family and friends. He had enlisted assuming his service would be over when the war was over, but instead his unit was being sent to the West Coast for more years of conflict. I suspect that he decided that his service was done, whether or not the Army agreed, and he headed home rather than get sent to some other far off place. I’m sure he wasn’t the only deserter from his regiment—he probably joined a group of soldiers heading north as traveling alone would have been hazardous. Did he even understand he was committing desertion and the potential ramifications if he was caught? I checked the records on Fold 3 of the other men from his area on the same page as Jerome’s entry. The two men from his area of New York died in battle. Perhaps this influenced his decision as well. I wonder how long it took him to make his way home, and what he told his family and friends about his separation from the army.

Did the Army also have questions about whether Jerome’s return home in 1848 was truly desertion?  Instead of throwing him in the brig when he signed up with the Ninth Regiment in Minnesota, the Army made him an officer. I suppose it is possible that record-keeping was so primitive at that point that the enlistment officers in 1862 had no way to check his 1848 record.  

Despite the shadow of desertion on Jerome’s service record, he seems to have redeemed himself as an infantry officer from 1862 till the end of the Civil War. It appears he was both a deserter and a hero—a man of many sides.

 

 

Sources:

US Mexican War Soldiers & Sailors Database. https://www.nps.gov/paal/learn/historyculture/search-usmexwar.htm#sort=Title%20asc

History of the Minnesota Valley Including the Explorers and Pioneers of Minnesota. By Edward Duffield Neill · 1882. https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jerome+dane&pg=PA1004&printsec=frontcover&q=inpublisher:%22North+Star+Publishing+Company%22&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi159DV5a76AhWGLkQIHeVTAS0QmxMoAHoECB8QAg&sxsrf=ALiCzsZ4kMVVpj-ACObFbJ67oMn4llT7Ig:1664069421041

Army Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914. Accessed Sept 26, 2022 https://www.fold3.com/image/310827952?rec=299679172&terms=dane,jerome

2nd Infantry Regiment (United States). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)

List of United States military and volunteer units in the Mexican–American War. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_and_volunteer_units_in_the_Mexican%E2%80%93American_War#New_York

New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center. 2nd Regiment New York State Volunteers. https://museum.dmna.ny.gov/unit-history/conflict/mexican-war-1846-1848/2nd-regiment-new-york-state-volunteers

My Father’s Unknown Brother: 52 Ancestors 2022 Prompt “Overlooked”

The Overlooked Baby: My Father’s Unknown Sibling

Oscar Peterson: 1898-1898

 

I received a notification from FamilySearch today that they had located a new record for my grandmother, Regina Syverson Peterson. I checked out the new record, and was perplexed. It was an 1898 death record for an infant named Oscar Peterson born in Lake Hanska Township, Brown County Minnesota. Oscar’s parents were listed as Paul and Regina Peterson.

The names on the record were all familiar. Paul and Regina Peterson were my paternal grandparents. They farmed in Lake Hanska Township. They had a son named Oscar. The only problem was the date. The only Oscar Peterson I knew of, my Uncle Oscar, was born October 8, 1908, a full decade after the death of the Oscar on this death record. And my Uncle Oscar did not die in infancy. He grew up, married, had two children, and died of a heart attack at age 57 on April 12, 1966.

So what did this mean? Was there another Peterson family living in the sparsely populated area of 1890s Lake Hanska Township? A family with the exact same first names as my grandparents? It seemed unlikely.

I turned to my Ancestry tree, and did a search for an Oscar Peterson who was born and died in Lake Hanska Township in 1898. To my surprise, I found two birth records that matched. The first was a birth record from a database called the Minnesota, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980. It stated that Oscar Peterson was born February 3, 1898 in Brown County. He was a male. The record listed an FHL Film Number of 1870146.

The second record was more conclusive. It was a christening record, so included information on the names of the baby’s parents. It had an FHL Film Number of 1671372. While there was no image attached to the record, it listed both the place of birth, Lake Hanska Township, and the place of the christening, Burnstown Township, also in Brown County, Minnesota. This is probably why I had never run across the record before this—I had found a lot of baptism/christening records for my Peterson ancestors in the Lake Hanska Lutheran Church database. However, this child wasn’t christened at Lake Hanska Lutheran.

I looked up the christening record for Regina and Paul’s eldest child, Anna. She too was christened in Burnstown Township. I can’t imagine why those two children were baptized nearly thirty miles from their home—it would have taken hours to travel that far in a horse-drawn wagon. The Lake Hanska Lutheran church, located just two miles or so from the Peterson farm, had organized in the 1860s—why didn’t the Petersons go there? The rest of their children seem to have been christened at Lake Hanska. Did they have relatives in Burnstown Township? I looked at plat maps from 1886 and 1905 for Burnstown Township, but failed to find any surnames I recognized.

I am amazed that Paul and Regina’s other children never seem to have mentioned their lost sibling Oscar. As far as my brother and I knew, Paul and Regina only had nine children, but here was a tenth. Did the second Oscar ever know he was named in honor of his brother who had died ten years before?

I decided to review the Petersons’ 1900 census form. That year, the census asked mothers how many children they had borne, and how many of those children still survived. I was shocked to see Regina’s response to the question: she told the census taker that she had borne 5 children, and only two survived. At the time of the 1900 census, Paul and Regina’s only living children were Anna, their eldest daughter born in 1895, and Randine, born in 1899. Oscar was born between those two children. But according to this census form, Paul and Regina had two more children who died in infancy. How tragic! They had been married for eight years by that point, so it is likely they lost two children before Anna was born, since she was born four years after their marriage.

I also verified this information on the 1910 census, where they once again asked how many children had been born, and how many survived. Regina responded that she had borne nine children by then, and that six survived, which matches what she said in 1900.

As yet, I have found no information on Paul and Regina’s other two children who did not survive. Perhaps they were stillborn so no birth record was filed. The real puzzle is where little Oscar is buried. I have found no information on him on Findagrave. I will have to examine Paul and Regina’s plot at Lake Hanska Cemetery to see if there might be an unmarked grave next to them. I also have no burial record for the other two infants.

Paul and Regina's 1892 Wedding Photo

I am embarrassed to have overlooked so much important information about my own grandparents. First, I had never thought to ask why Paul and Regina had been married four years before Anna was born. That’s an unusually long time between a marriage and the first child. Second, I had never thought to look at the question about the number of children born when I first looked at the 1900 and 1910 census records. That was sheer carelessness. I thought I knew the answers and never bothered to check if I was right. This is an important lesson for me to remember in my future genealogical research.

Sources:

Ancestry.com. Minnesota, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Original data:"Minnesota Births and Christenings, 1840–1980." Index. FamilySearch, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2009, 2010. Index entries derived from digital copies of original and compiled records.

"Minnesota, County Deaths, 1850-2001," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7Z7R-LTW2 : 14 December 2020), Oscar Petterson, Lake Hanska Township, Brown, Minnesota, United States; citing Death, multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

 

Two Branches of Osgoods: 52 Ancestors 2022 Prompt “Organized”

Osgoods: Good and Plenty—Plenty Confusing, That Is

Christopher Osgood: 1606-1660 (Tenth-great-grandfather maternal side)
Mary Osgood Lovejoy: 1633-1675 (Ninth-great-grandmother maternal side)
John Osgood: 1595-1651 (9^th Great-Grandfather, maternal side)
Mary Osgood Ingalls: 1633-1686 (8^th Great-Grandmother, maternal side)

 

A notification from FamilySearch about an ancestor that wasn’t on my Ancestry tree sent me into research mode. I ended up adding some new eighth and ninth great-grandparents to the maternal side of my tree. However, these new discoveries were also quite confusing. Some of the surnames were awfully familiar—Ingalls and Osgood, surnames already in my tree. I thought I had discovered new ancestors—was I wrong? Were they already in my tree? Or were they somehow related to people already in my tree? I suspected my family tree might have some crossed branches back in mid-1600s Massachusetts. It was time to get organized and tease out who these people were, and how they might be related to one another.

I realized I had some real problems when I tried to attach a record to my new eighth-great-grandmother Mary Osgood, verifying her marriage to Henry Ingalls, and discovered that the Mary Osgood I’d attached it to already had a husband named Lovejoy. While this other Mary Osgood had the same birth year as Mary Osgood Ingalls, Mary Osgood Lovejoy had a different death date—and different parents. I had barely begun researching my new branch, and I was already attaching documents to the wrong people.  

So who were these two Mary Osgoods? And who were their parents? And how am I related to them?

The first Mary Osgood in my tree was the daughter of Christopher Osgood and his first wife Mary Everatt. Christopher was born April 10, 1606 in Wilshire England. His parents are believed to have been Thomas Osgood and Margaret Skeat.

Christopher married Mary Everatt in Marlborough on April 21, 1632. He was 26, and his bride was only 17. About a year later on March 17, 1633, their daughter Mary was born. Sadly, Mary Everatt Osgood appears to have never recovered from childbirth, or perhaps contracted an illness shortly after the birth. Whatever the cause, she died on her first wedding anniversary, April 21, 1633, leaving a motherless one-month-old baby.

Christopher remarried just three months after Mary’s death; he probably needed someone to help care for baby Mary. He chose another 18-year-old girl, Margaret Fowler. Around the same time, he decided to move to the American colonies, booking passage for his young family on the ship “Mary and John”. They travelled with Margaret’s parents, Philip and Mary Fowler, so at least Margaret had help to care for her little stepdaughter.

The Mary and John travelled back and forth from England to both Maine and Massachusetts in the 1620s and 1630s, carrying colonists and supplies. This illustration of the ship’s interior shows how cramped the conditions must have been on the vessel. It is amazing baby Mary survived. The Osgoods must have travelled with a wet nurse.

The family arrived in Massachusetts in spring of 1634, and settled in Ipswich. Several researchers have compiled all the colonial records for Christopher Osgood that can be located, showing that he took the Freeman’s Oath in 1635, received several grants of land in the Ipswich area, and worked as a bricklayer. Over the years, he also served several terms on the Ipswich Jury of Trials, so must have been a respected member of the community.

Map of Ipswich, Massachusetts 1640

Christopher Osgood died sometime between 1650 and 1651. He remembered Mary in his will, which read, “First, I do give unto my oldest daughter Mary Osgood, ten pounds, to be paid her or her assigns at her day of marriage.” He left five pounds each for her three half-sisters by his second wife, with his lands and property left to his wife and oldest son (which left the youngest son, born after his death, totally without property). Sadly, his wife Margery returned to the court a few months after his death to ask for an “abatement of the portions” (cutting of the bequests) to be paid to Mary and her siblings as the “property not proving sufficient.”

Close-up of map, with Osgood spelled "Ausgood"

Despite Mary’s lack of an inheritance, she was able to find a husband shortly after her father’s death. According to S. L. Bailey’s Historical Sketches of Andover, “third in the list of the first ten marriages in Andover is Jan. 1, 1651, John Lovejoy and Mary Osgood.” They were married in Ipswich by the Rev. Mr. Simons. The Lovejoys had travelled to Massachusetts on the same ship as the Osgoods, so the families were long acquainted. Mary was 18 years old, while John Lovejoy was 28.

The couple was quite prolific. Mary gave birth to twelve children over the space of 22 years. She died July 15, 1675 at the young age of 42—she probably died of exhaustion, having borne a baby every two years! Mary and John Lovejoy’s fifth child, Anne Lovejoy, was my eighth great-grandmother. She was born December 21, 1659, and married Johnathan Blanchard May 20, 1685. The familial line down to my great-grandmother Lucy Dane is shown below.

The second Mary Osgood is part of the newly-discovered branch of my family tree. She was born March 17, 1633 in Wherwell in the Test Valley of Hampshire, England. Her parents were John Osgood and Sarah Ann Booth.

John Osgood, my ninth-great-grandfather, was born in the Wherwell area in 1595. There is some debate about his parentage. Most researchers agree that his parents were Robert Osgood of Wherwell, and his wife Joan, who owned a farm called Cottonworth. John seems to have been the oldest son, and took over the farm when Robert died in 1630. I wrote about this farm’s house in my previous blog entry.

John Osgood married Sarah Ann Booth, sometime around 1627 in Wherwell. The couple likely had four children by the time they decided to emigrate to the colonies in 1638. The children included my eighth great-grandmother Mary Osgood, who was probably their third child, born March 17, 1633.

The Osgoods’ decision to emigrate was influenced by religious intolerance in their area, increasing tax burdens, and a crop failure in 1637. John seems to have been desperate to leave, as shown by a letter sent by the headmaster of the school at Winchester, a town ten miles from Wherwell, on John Osgood’s behalf. The letter was sent to Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State to King Charles I, begging that he grant approval to Osgood’s planned move to the colonies.

John set sail with his wife and children, including 5-year-old Mary, on the ship Confidence in 1638. The passenger list includes “Sarah Osgood, spinster of Herrell, and four children”. Herrell is the phonetic spelling of Wherwell. Oddly, John Osgood is not listed on the passenger manifest. Instead Sarah—who was definitely not a spinster-- is accompanied by a William Osgood, age 11. There were several versions of the passenger list, compiled at separate times, and one of the others lists Sarah’s children as “Sarah Osgood 9, John Osgood 7, Mary Osgood 5, Elizabeth Osgood 3.” Her destination was listed as Newbury, Massachusetts.

There are varying explanations for the relationship between 11-year-old William Osgood and John Osgood. Most researchers suggest they were either brothers or that William was John’s nephew.

The Confidence probably set sail from Southampton on either April 11 or 24, 1638. The date of the ship’s arrival in Boston is unknown.

Christopher Osgood and family were living in Ipswich in 1638. Researchers have suggested that John and Christopher were related somehow—possibly cousins—and that Christopher provided shelter for John Osgood and his family for a few weeks after their arrival until John was able to acquire land of his own in nearby Newbury.

Colonial era Newbury Mass. map

From the colonial records, John seems to have been a decent, respected member of his community. He made his Freeman’s application on May 22, 1639. He spent some years living in Newbury before becoming one of the founders of Andover, Massachusetts. In 1645, he was one of ten founding members of the church in Andover. In 1650, he sold a house he still owned in Newbury to a man named George Little. In 1651, Andover residents appointed John to be their first representative to the General Court.

Sadly, John Osgood did not live to complete his term in office. He attended the May session, but by the fall session he was ill.  He died on October 24, 1651; he was 56 years old.

His will, reproduced in the Eben book listed below, provided 25 pounds each for daughters Mary, Elizabeth, and Hannah payable when they turned 18, and 25 pounds for son Stephen at age 21. John also left 20 shillings for Sarah Clements, his eldest and now-married daughter, with an additional 20 shillings for Sarah’s daughter Bekah. Presumably Sarah received less in the will because she had already received a dowry upon her marriage. His oldest son, also named John, inherited his lands and house, with a life interest to the widow Sarah.

Part of John Osgood's will

Mary Osgood had her 18^th birthday a few months before her father’s death, so came into her inheritance quickly. She married Henry Ingalls two years later, on July 5, 1853. Mary was 20 years old, and Henry was 26.

As I alluded to at the beginning of the blog, I already had a man named Henry Ingalls in my family tree—he was the brother of my eighth-great-grandmother Elizabeth Ingalls, who married Rev. Francis Dane. This was the same man, so Henry Ingalls is both my eighth-great-granduncle, and my eighth-great-grandfather. Henry and Elizabeth’s parents, Edmund Ingalls and Ann Telbe, are my ninth-great-grandparents twice over.

Mary Osgood and Henry Ingalls had a huge family. Mary gave birth to ten children between 1654 and 1679—she was 45 years old when her last daughter, Sarah Ingalls, was born. Mary died seven years later on December 16, 1686 at age 53. I am descended from their daughter Mary Ingalls, born January 28, 1659, who went on to marry John Stevens. The relationship is spelled out below.

In order to understand how all these Osgood and Ingalls family members were related to one another and to me, I had to organize my records and do a lot of research into genealogies and family histories prepared by other researchers. I now have a clearer picture of these families. Best of all, I can finally tell the two Mary Osgoods apart. Perhaps someday I will be able to definitively determine whether the two Mary Osgoods and their Osgood fathers were related to one another, and if so, how. A project for a later date!

 

 

Sources:

Ancestry.com. The Fowler family : a genealogical memoir of the descendants of Philip and Mary Fowler, of Ipswich, Mass. [database on-line]. Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: Stickney, Matthew Adams,. The Fowler family : a genealogical memoir of the descendants of Philip and Mary Fowler, of Ipswich, Mass., ten generations, 1590-1882. Salem, Mass.: Printed for the author by Salem Press, 1883. https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/191:15733?tid=46986934&pid=322178585653&hid=1037386144396&_phsrc=Jng14245&_phstart=default

Great Migration 1634-1635, M-P. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2010.) Originally published as: The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume V, M-P, by Robert Charles Anderson. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2007.

https://www.americanancestors.org/DB401/i/12155/318/235141190

https://www.laddfamily.com/Files/Mary%20&%20John/Mary%20and%20John.htm

Tepper, Michael, Passengers to America, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc.: Baltimore, MD, 1977. Passenger list for the Mary and John’s 1633-34 voyage that Christopher Osgood and family were aboard.

"New Light on the English Background of the Osgoods of Essex County, Massachusetts", published in The American Genealogist, Jan/Apr 2008.

A Genealogy of the Descendants of John, Christopher and William Osgood, Who Came from England and Settled in New England Early in the Seventeenth Century, Osgood, Ira, 1799-1877; Putnam, Eben.         https://archive.org/details/genealogyofdesce00osgo/page/n23/mode/2up